The south indian hindu temple building design system on the architecture of the silpa sastra and the dravida style k. Vesara style of architecture this is the name given to an architectural style that evolved in karnataka during the medieval centuries and combined both the nagara and the dravida styles. For example, various substyles of nagara architecture are found vis vis odisha school, solanki school, and khajuraho school etc. Get dravidian architecture pdf file for free on our ebook library. Among a number of architectural styles and traditions, the contrasting hindu temple architecture and indoislamic architecture are the best known historical styles. The extreme creative curiosity of chalukyas created marvellous pieces of architecture by experimenting with different styles and forms. Dravidian temple architecture the dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. Dravidian style architecture, south indian style, vijayanagar art, nayaka temple architecture, chola temple architecture, pallava temples. The tall and curvilinear shikhara also corroborates this date. Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam.
Temple architecture in south india dravida style iasmania. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture. At times, the vesar style of temples as an independent style created through the selective mixing of the nagara and dravida orders is mentioned by some scholars. Temples featuring dravida style architecture a brief description of the most important temples built by the pallava rulers that feature dravida style architecture is given as follows. The surya temple at modhera is widely known for its unique two structures and an artificial tank that resides along the eastwest axis michell 124, fig. The dravidian style of hindu temple june 26, 2015 hrodrigues among the massive amount of hindu temples in india there are two main types of temple styles, a specific temple style seen in the north and one in the south. Gk questions and answers on the dravida style of architecture. The dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. This beautiful temple is located in kanchipuram, one of the major temple towns of tamil nadu. They are divided into south, southcentral, central, and north groups.
The squareshaped temple called vimana has one or more storied pyramidal roof while. Jul 29, 2017 this is the vesara style or the chalukyan style of temple architecture. The biggest ratha was called as dharamraj rath and smallest one was called as draupadi rath. In this article, you can read all about the indian temple architecture, its types and points to remember for the ias exam with respect to temple architecture.
Nov 26, 2015 some of the best examples of the north indian style nagara style of temple architecture are the khajuraho group of temples, sun temple, konark, sun temple at modhera, gujarat and ossian temple, gujarat. Dravidian architecture was an architectural idiom that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india. Dravidian style from 12th century, under the dravidian sty. Kanchi kailasanathar temple an ode to dravidian architecture. Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam the shilpashastras or architectural texts written in the early medieval period refer to three major styles of temple architecture in india. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and jain. Jun 26, 2015 the dravidian style of hindu temple june 26, 2015 hrodrigues among the massive amount of hindu temples in india there are two main types of temple styles, a specific temple style seen in the north and one in the south.
The architecture is represented by monolithic rocks mandaps now became rathas which is a refined cave, famous for beauty. Jun 14, 2016 nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. This classification is based on different architectural styles, employed in the construction of the temples. Chapter iv temple architecture two noteworthy attempts. It is a stepped pyramid that rises up geometrically unlike the nagara style shikhara that is curving. This style reduces the height of the individual tiers without reducing their number resulting in a reduction in the height of the temple towers. Gs art and culture temple architecture upsc preparation. Some of the best examples of the north indian style nagara style of temple architecture are the khajuraho group of temples, sun temple, konark, sun temple at modhera, gujarat and ossian temple, gujarat. Module 3 dravidian religious architecture architectural. Moreover, its architecture and sculptures contain exquisite details. Nagara style architecture of orissa the development of the nagara style. For example, various substyles of nagara architecture are found vis vis.
The architecture of india is rooted in its history, culture and religion. Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design. It consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are constructed of sandstone, soapstone or granite. It consists primarily of pyramid shaped temples called kovils in tamil which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of many statues of deities, warriors, kings, and dancers. Jan 02, 2015 dravidian architecture with exampleshist teamwork 1. Stage 1 mahendra group marked the beginning of rock cut cave architecture word mandap was used instead temple.
The dravidian style of architecture is the characteristic south indian style and is mainly found in the southern indian states of tamil nadu, karnataka, kerala, telangana, and andhra pradesh. Temple architecture in south india dravida style four stages of temple architecture had been observed in south india mainly during the pallavas rule, around 6th century ad which are as follows. Gujarat developed prolific regional architecture style. There are also other distinct styles in peripheral areas such. They consist primarily of pyramid shaped temples called koils which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of many statues of deities, warriors, kings, and dancers. The finest examples of dravidian style south indian style are temples of tanjore, madurai, mahabalipuram, badami, pattadakal and kanchipuram. The indoaryan style prefers a tower with rounded top and curvilinear outline while the tower of the southern or dravidian style is usually in a shape of a rectangular truncated pyramid. Shore temple the shore temple of mahabalipuram is a complex of three shrines with accessory mandapas, prakaraenclosures and gopura entrances. Raj ras rajasthan ras is an initiative towards building a platform for preparation to rasias exams. Nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. The entrance gateway in the centre of the front wall.
Temple architecture and sculpture art and culture for upsc. Vesara style temple architecture hindu temples in india. The temple shape may be rectangular, square, starshaped, or octagonal. Pallava art and architecture represent an early stage of dravidian art and architecture which blossomed to its fullest extent under the chola dynasty. In this post, let us see the chalukya architecuture in detail. Mar 25, 2019 10 gk questions and answers on the dravida style of architecture in the form of multiple choice questions which strengthen the knowledge of aspirants who are preparing for the examinations like. Different phases in dravidian architecture the dravidian style southern style of architecture can be classified into the following. It consists primarily of hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse. South indian temple architecture, or dravida, stylewith its commanding gopura s gatewayscan be seen in the rajarajeshvara and the gangaikondacolapuram temples. The first stone and mortar temples of south india were constructed during pallava rule. Nagara style was developed regionally each region manifesting its own particular qualities. Several temples were built in this style in tamil nadu, but they were located in open space rather. Chalukyan architecture is a combination of nagara and dravida and hence. In the real world of architectural construction, temples were built by imitation.
Evolution in temple architecture through the various phases. The vesara or hybrid style which is seen in the deccan between the other two. Dec 06, 2017 dravida style temples were first constructed by the pallavas. In the last article, we have seen the broad outline of temple architecture styles in india nagara, dravida and vesara and chola architecture in particular. The dravidian languages are spoken by more than 215 million people in india, pakistan, and sri lanka. There is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the. Three main style of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed style. What is the difference between an indoaryan temple and a. During their long reign, art and architecture of early dravidian period bloomed and thrived. Jouveaudubreuil, gabriel 1917 dravidian architecture. Dharamraj rath is considered as precursor of dravidian style of temple making. Accordingly, the vesara style contain elements of both dravida and nagara styles.
Unit 2 dravidian architecture free download as powerpoint presentation. It is one of the oldest temples in the dravidian style architecture. The kandariya mahadeva temple in khajuraho in madhya pradesh is a fine example of this style. The dravidian style southern style of architecture can be classified into. Variant forms are found in karnataka formerly mysore and andhra pradesh states. Module 3 dravidian free download as powerpoint presentation. Dravidian languages, family of some 70 languages spoken primarily in south asia. Pallavas were the great rulers of the northern part of todays tamil nadu, and parts of karnataka and andhra until the 9 th century. The style of temple architecture that became popular in northern india is known as nagara. Dravidian architecture world heritage site pictures, info. Dravidian architecture world heritage site pictures.
Drvidian temple architecture pallava dynasty mahendravarman group narshinhvarmannn group panchpandavratha. Under dravidian architecture, we have also seen the comparison between pallava and chola architecture. Dravidian style temple architecture hindu temples in india. Dravidian style was initiated by pallavas and flourished by cholas. On account of regional difference, architecture of the temples of nagara style can be classified according to diverse regions, such as, orissa, central india, rajputana, gujarat and kathiwar etc. Dravidian temple architecture evolved in south india predominantly comprise of temples built of sandstone, soapstone or granite. Ancient indian temples are classified in three broad types. Dravidian architecture is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. The vesara style is also described in some texts as the central indian temple architecture style or deccan architecture.
This is the vesara style or the chalukyan style of temple architecture. This was one of the first stone temples built in south india. Dravida temple architecture origin and development. Dravidian speakers form the majority of the population of south india and are natively found in india, pakistan, afghanistan, bangladesh, the maldives and sri lanka. On the architecture of the silpa sastra and the dravida style. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture architectural. Both of these, but especially the former, have a number of regional styles within them.
These temples usually have gopurams, which are large towers over the entrances. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india and in sri lanka, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. South indian temple architecture, also called dravi. However many historian agree that the vesara style originated in the what is today karnataka. Details of the dravidian style of temple architecture in india and its subtypes. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple. Nov 14, 20 vesara style of architecture this is the name given to an architectural style that evolved in karnataka during the medieval centuries and combined both the nagara and the dravida styles. The south indian hindu temple building design system. The dravidian style of architecture can be categorised as a distinct. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorised as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in plannning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. In comparison to the dravidian style, the indoeuropean or nagara style is a curvilinear. Dravida style temples were first constructed by the pallavas. Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design layout.
Dravidian people or dravidians are the present and past speakers of any of the dravidian languages. These are the earliest temples of the dravidian style and the earliest temples in the rockcut and structural traditions of south indian architecture to survive to the. But of course, this style didnt take birth all of a sudden. The role of five elements of nature in temple architecture. It consists primarily of pyramid shaped temples called kovils in tamil which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. The character of hindu temples reflected local architecture styles and the material and. Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, built by the dravidian peoples. There are around 245 million native speakers of dravidian languages. This temple is in the panchayatana style of architecture where the main shrine is built on a rectangular plinth with four smaller subsidiary shrines at the four corners making it a total number of five shrines, hence the name, panchayatana.